The present study reports the occurrence of Cosmos caudatus Kunth (Asteraceae) as a new distributional record for Gujarat, India. During floristic exploration of the Saputara hills and adjoining areas of Ahwa in Dang district, a good population of this species was recorded growing in moist open habitats, along roadsides and forest margins. Detailed morphological examination of the collected specimens, including characters of capitulum, ray and disc florets, and achenes, along with critical comparison with relevant taxonomic literature, confirmed its identity. A thorough review of available floristic literature and regional checklists indicates that there is no prior authentic record of this species from Gujarat. Therefore, the present report constitutes a new addition to the flora of Gujarat state. A brief description, phenological observations, ecological notes and photographic documentation are provided to facilitate its identification in the field, and a voucher specimen has been deposited in the departmental herbarium for future reference.