Climate change is increasingly altering soil processes in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Western Rajasthan, particularly the districts of Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, and Nagaur, represents a fragile desert environment where soil organic carbon (SOC) levels are naturally low and highly sensitive to climatic variability. This study examines the relationship between temperature rise, rainfall variability, and SOC dynamics during the period January 2024–February 2026. Climatic data were compiled from regional meteorological observations, and SOC measurements were obtained from agricultural soil monitoring datasets. Statistical analysis was used to examine correlations between rainfall, temperature, and SOC levels. The results indicate a negative correlation between increasing temperature and SOC content (r ≈ −0.71) and a positive relationship between rainfall and SOC (r ≈ +0.62). SOC declined from 0.82 % to 0.58 % across districts during the study period, reflecting accelerated organic matter decomposition and moisture stress under warming conditions. The findings highlight the vulnerability of desert soils to climate change and emphasize the importance of sustainable land management practices such as organic amendments, agroforestry, and conservation agriculture to maintain soil carbon stocks.