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VOL. 11, ISSUE 1 (2026)
Analysis and application of activated tamarind kernel powder for industrial wastewater treatment
Authors
Odimgbe E Izudike, Olubunmi A Adewusi, Apuyor S Ejohwomu, Clark D Poro, Adedeji A Olubunmi
Abstract
Activated tamarind kernel powder was prepared from tamarind seed (Tamarindus
indica); and utilized for the removal of Acid Red 1, Reactive Orange 20 and
Reactive blue 29 dyes from their aqueous solutions. The powder was activated
using 4M nitric acid (HNO3). The effect of various parameters which
include; pH, adsorbent dosage, ion concentration, and contact time were studied
to identify the adsorption capacity of the activated tamarind kernel powder
under the above conditions. The percentage of dye adsorbed is seen to be
dependent on these factors. The result obtained indicated that the adsorption
of Acid Red 1 (AR1), Reactive Orange 20 (RO20) and Reactive Blue 29 (RB29)
decreased with increase in initial concentration but increased with increase in
temperature. At equilibrium, all three dyes showed highest dye uptake at
initial dye concentration of 20 mg/l, pH 2, adsorbent dose of 1.0 g, and at a
contact time range of 80-100 min. The Temkin isotherm model is best-fitted into
the experimental data with R2 values ranging between 0.913-0.987 for
Acid Red 1, 0.865-0.969 for Reactive Orange 20 and 0.942-0.992 for Reactive
Blue 29. The next in line for best fitting is the Langmuir isotherm with R2
values ranging between 0.859-0.995 for Acid Red 1 dye, 0.825-0.974 for Reactive
Orange 20 and 0.971-0.989 for Reactive Blue 29. This is followed by Dubinin
Radushkevich isotherm with R2 values ranging between 0.931-0.974 for
Acid Red 1, 0.923-0.989 for Reactive Orange 20 and 0.789-0.923 for Reactive
Blue 29. Lastly is the Freundlich isotherm with R2 values ranging
between 0.803-0.931 for Acid Red 1, 0.856-0.964 for Reactive Orange 20 and
0.982-0.995 for Reactive Blue 29. Characterization of the activated tamarind
kernel powder which was carried out using standard methods, showed that the
values of the parameters of interest such as moisture and dry matter content,
ash content, pH and bulk density; fall within acceptable range. Therefore,
activated tamarind kernel powder has proven to be a very good adsorbent for the
removal of acid dyes and reactive dyes.
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Pages:62-71
How to cite this article:
Odimgbe E Izudike, Olubunmi A Adewusi, Apuyor S Ejohwomu, Clark D Poro, Adedeji A Olubunmi "Analysis and application of activated tamarind kernel powder for industrial wastewater treatment". International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, Vol 11, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 62-71
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