Tanzania is implementing the Agricultural Transformation Master Plan (ATMP 2024–2050) to accelerate agricultural productivity, commercialization, and income growth. Increased pesticide use is central to this transformation, yet it has simultaneously intensified the generation of pesticide waste, particularly empty containers and obsolete products, posing risks to environmental and human health. This study assesses pesticide waste management practices in Tanzania, focusing on the enabling policy and legal environment, institutional mandates, infrastructure and technical capacity, stakeholder responsibilities, core system functionality, and monitoring, reporting, and enforcement mechanisms. A qualitative research design was employed, drawing on key informant interviews with national regulators, environmental authorities, local government officials, private-sector actors, non-governmental organizations, and farmers across selected agricultural regions, complemented by a review of relevant laws, policies, and international instruments. The findings reveal that Tanzania has a robust legal and institutional framework aligned with international conventions; however, implementation remains fragmented and heavily project-dependent. The absence of a mandatory Extended Producer Responsibility framework, limited collection and disposal infrastructure, weak monitoring and reporting of pesticide waste flows, and reliance on corrective rather than deterrent enforcement undermine system sustainability. The study concludes that Tanzania’s pesticide waste management system is in a transitional phase and recommends legal reforms to operationalize producer responsibility, investment in collection and disposal infrastructure, strengthened monitoring and transparency, and improved institutional coordination to support environmentally sound pesticide waste management alongside agricultural intensification.