Purpose: The study explores the role of project leadership in enhancing safety compliance and overall project performance within Nigeria’s oil and gas sector. It specifically investigates leadership styles adopted by project managers and their influence on occupational health, cost efficiency, timeliness, and quality outcomes.

Methodology/Design: A qualitative research design was employed, using semi-structured interviews with 25 participants comprising project managers, engineers, and safety officers from upstream, midstream, and downstream operations. Thematic analysis, supported by NVivo software, was used to identify recurring patterns and themes related to leadership practices, safety adherence, and project success.

Findings: Results revealed that transformational and participative leadership styles significantly enhance safety compliance and foster positive team engagement. Leadership commitment to safety culture, open communication, and employee empowerment were found to improve project efficiency, reduce delays, and ensure high-quality outcomes. Conversely, autocratic leadership approaches were linked to lower morale and higher safety risks.

Implications: The findings underscore the importance of leadership-centered safety programs and leadership evaluation frameworks in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry to improve performance and reduce occupational hazards.