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VOL. 10, ISSUE 4 (2025)
Invisible threats in the air: Reviewing the status and impact of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in Gazipur City, Bangladesh
Authors
M D Nurul Haque, Tawheda Yasmin Tanina
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) presents a widespread and largely
invisible threat to public health in rapidly urbanizing regions. This study
critically reviews the status and impact of fine (PM₂. ₅) and coarse (PM₁₀)
particulates in Gazipur City, Bangladesh, a district identified as one of the
countries most polluted. Recent monitoring data indicate that ambient PM₂. ₅
concentrations in Gazipur city repeatedly exceed both national standards and
the World Health Organization guideline, thereby shortening life expectancy by
an estimated 8.3 years for its residents according to Bangladesh Fact Sheet,
AQLI. A cluster‑analysis of PM₂. ₅, PM₁₀ and gaseous pollutants shows that
Gazipur city shares similar pollution‑sources with neighboring Dhaka, including
industrial emissions, traffic and secondary aerosols, and suffers prolonged
exceedance of national standards during dry months. The review synthesizes in
PM levels, highlights key contributing sources and meteorological modulations,
and discusses health‑risk implications, including respiratory and
cardiovascular morbidity and shortened life‑span. It assesses current
regulatory frameworks, monitoring gaps and community‑level exposure contexts.
The findings underscore not only the magnitude of the particulate‐pollution
burden in Gazipur city but its unequal impact on vulnerable populations in a
low‑resource setting. Given these insights, the paper argues for urgent
interventions: enhanced ambient air monitoring, cleaner industrial technology
adoption, traffic emission controls, and public‑health protection strategies personalized
to local conditions. By framing Gazipur city as a microcosm of South Asian
urban‑air‑pollution challenges, this review offers actionable perspectives for
policymakers, researchers and practitioners working to mitigate invisible
threats in the air.
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Pages:104-110
How to cite this article:
M D Nurul Haque, Tawheda Yasmin Tanina "Invisible threats in the air: Reviewing the status and impact of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in Gazipur City, Bangladesh". International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, Vol 10, Issue 4, 2025, Pages 104-110
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