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VOL. 9, ISSUE 2 (2024)
Source identification and diagnostic evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments and Seafood of kaani River in ogoni axis of Rivers State, South-South, Nigeria
Authors
Anate S Ganiyu, Amacha Mathew, Momta P NukebaBari, Ndifreke B Nde, Abule E Chinyere
Abstract
In the Kaani River in the Ogoni axis of Rivers state, Nigeria, this
study evaluates the origins and diagnostic assessment of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons in sediment and seafood. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
were detected in surface water shrimp, tilapia, mudskipper, crab, and sediment
samples that were collected from four (4) different locations. The locations
were identified as station 1 (Maa di binnise Igbara waterside), station 2 (Mann
Stream), station 3 (Woman Stream), and station 4 (Nwii ke ma kor stream). The
samples were treated in accordance with laboratory standards. The
concentrations of PAHs in sediment and seafood were first determined by
extraction using a soxhlet extractor with 125 milliliters of methanol. Then,
the concentrations of PAHs from the purified extract were measured using Gas
Chromatography equipped with Flame Ionization Detector, which provided the
concentration degrees of the various components present in the sediment and
seafood. Results were obtained. The contaminant's mean concentrations varied
from 9.8643±1.0977 mg/kg to Not Detected in the sediment samples. The results
for the average content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood samples
taken from the Kaani River at various sites were also obtained. In the seafood
sample, the average concentration of PAHs varied from 0.3787±0.0229 mg/kg to
Not Detected. The source diagnostic ratio of PAHs in sediment samples taken
from the Kaani River: An/(An + Ph) varied from Not Detected-0.9008, Flu/(Flu +
Py) ranged from Not Detected – 0.7447, and BaA/(BaA + Ch) ranged from
0.2612-0.9665. The ∑LMW PAHs and ∑HMW PAHs were measured in mg/kg and ranged
from 6.5599–14.7869, respectively. The source diagnostic ratio of PAHs in
seafood samples from the Kaani River were ranged as follows: ∑LMW PAHs:
0.1126-0.4863 mg/Kg; ∑HMW PAHs: 0.2789-0.6241 mg/Kg; LMW/HMW: 0.3541-1.7436;
An/(An + Ph): 0.3288-0.8983; Flu/(Flu + Py): Not Detected – 1.000; and BaA/(BaA
+ Ch): 1.0000-1.0000. The studies' findings demonstrated that the PAH concentrations
varied from 0.008 to 0.249 mg/kg. The contaminants' quantities were found to be
greater than the USEPA's recommended limits for drinking water, which range
from 0.20 to 400 parts per billion. Some of the PAHs that were detected were
highly prevalent close to the point source and hazardous even at low doses.
During the examination, variations in the concentrations of PAHs were noted in
the stations and the seasons, with the dry season of the year yielding greater
values. Both pyrogenic and petrogenic sources were shown to be the origins of
PAHs in the sediment, with the pyrogenic source having higher amount in the
river's seafood. The research comes to the conclusion that, until a full
remediation exercise is completed, both the use of the River for domestic
purposes and the ingestion of any aquatic habitat creature from these rivers
should be immediately suspended.
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Pages:46-52
How to cite this article:
Anate S Ganiyu, Amacha Mathew, Momta P NukebaBari, Ndifreke B Nde, Abule E Chinyere "Source identification and diagnostic evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediments and Seafood of kaani River in ogoni axis of Rivers State, South-South, Nigeria". International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, Vol 9, Issue 2, 2024, Pages 46-52
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