Self-medication is a therapeutic practice in our societies. In urban areas, it is partly fueled by the use of street drugs (Fofana, Sangaré and Kouamé, 2016). The present study aims to question the factors that favor the use of street drugs. The literature search, the semi-directive interview, the observation as well as the method of the case histories were associated to reach this objective. The comprehensive data analysis identified the lack of financial means, the geographical accessibility, The avoidance of the hospital circuit considered long and the accepted idea of the street vendors' supply of drugs. By health professionals as factors favoring the use of open-air drugs.